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Vector spherical harmonics : ウィキペディア英語版
Vector spherical harmonics
In mathematics, vector spherical harmonics (VSH) are an extension of the scalar spherical harmonics for the use with vector fields.
==Definition==
Several conventions have been used to define the VSH.〔
R.G. Barrera, G.A. Estévez and J. Giraldo, ''Vector spherical harmonics and their application to magnetostatics'', Eur. J. Phys. 6 287-294 (1985)〕〔B. Carrascal, G.A. Estevez, P. Lee and V. Lorenzo '' Vector spherical harmonics and their application to classical electrodynamics'', Eur. J. Phys., 12, 184-191 (1991)〕〔
E. L. Hill, ''The theory of Vector Spherical Harmonics'', Am. J. Phys. 22, 211-214 (1954)〕〔
E. J. Weinberg, ''Monopole vector spherical harmonics'', Phys. Rev. D. 49, 1086-1092 (1994)〕〔P.M. Morse and H. Feshbach, ''Methods of Theoretical Physics, Part II'', New York: McGraw-Hill, 1898-1901 (1953)〕
We follow that of Barrera ''et al.''. Given a scalar spherical harmonic Y_(\theta,\varphi) we define three VSH:
* \mathbf_ = Y_\hat_ = r\nabla Y_
* \mathbf_ = \vec
being \hat} the position vector of the point with spherical coordinates r,\theta and\phi. The radial factors are included to guarantee that the dimensions of the VSH are the same as the ordinary spherical harmonics and that the VSH do not depend on the radial spherical coordinate.
The interest of these new vector fields is to separate the radial dependence from the angular one when using spherical coordinates, so that a vector field admits a multipole expansion
: \mathbf=\sum_^\infty\sum_^l\left(E^r_(r)\mathbf_+E^_(r)\mathbf_+E^_(r)\mathbf_\right)
The labels on the components reflect that E^r_ is the radial component of the vector field, while E^_ and E^_ are transverse components.

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